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锻造是一种利用锻压机械对金属坯料施加压力，使其产生塑性变形以获得具有一定机械性能、一定形状和尺寸锻件的加工方法，锻压（锻造与冲压）的两大组成部分之一。

Forging is a kind of forging process that uses pressure forming machinery to exert pressure on metal billet and make it produce plastic deformation to obtain certain processing methods of forging, which has certain mechanical properties, shape and size, and is one of the two components of forging, forging and stamping.

低塑性拔长时，应注意选择合适的送进比，送进比太小时，变形集中在上下部，中心都锻不透，并沿轴向产生拉锻造应关于锻件的一些基本知识力，导致内部横向裂纹产生。在镦粗时，常用软衬垫镦粗或叠镦（用于锻薄饼形零件），以改善变形的不均匀性，防止产生表面裂纹。在考虑锻造工艺时特别是***后一火的锻造时，应尽量避免在临界变形程度下进行，以免得到粗大晶粒***。

When low plasticity is pulled out, attention should be paid to selecting suitable delivery ratio, sending too much time, deformation on the upper and lower parts, and the center can not be built, and forging along the axial direction should be related to some basic knowledge of forging, resulting in the occurrence of internal transverse cracks. In the upsetting, commonly used soft liner (for upsetting or folding upsetting forging thin pancake, uneven parts) to improve the deformation, prevent the generation of cracks on the surface.

自由锻造所用的工具简单，加工方法通用性强，生产准备周期短，因而应用较为广泛。自由锻分为手工锻造和机器锻造两种。手工锻造只能生产小型锻件，生产率也较低。

The tool used for free forging is simple, the versatile and the production period is short, so it is widely used. Free forging is divided into two kinds: manual forging and machine Manual forging can only produce ***all forgings, and the productivity is low.